Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C) and line a large, rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the olive oil, minced garlic, lemon zest, lemon juice, salt, and black pepper, whisking until the ingredients are fully incorporated.
Add the broccoli florets to the bowl and use tongs to toss them thoroughly, ensuring each piece is evenly coated with the lemon-garlic oil mixture.
Spread the broccoli in a single, even layer on the prepared baking sheet, making sure the florets are not crowded so they roast instead of steam.
Roast for 18 to 22 minutes, or until the broccoli is tender-crisp and the edges of the florets are deeply browned and slightly crispy.
Remove the baking sheet from the oven and immediately sprinkle the roasted broccoli with the grated Parmesan cheese before serving.