Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a large, rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper.
Toss the cubed sweet potatoes with 1 tablespoon of the olive oil, 1/4 teaspoon of salt, and a pinch of black pepper on the prepared baking sheet, spreading them into a single layer. Roast for 20-25 minutes, or until the potatoes are tender and the edges are lightly browned.
Meanwhile, in a large bowl, whisk together the remaining 1 tablespoon of olive oil, lime juice, honey, cumin, and chili powder to create the dressing.
Add the rinsed black beans, chopped red onion, and cilantro to the bowl with the dressing and stir gently to combine.
Once the sweet potatoes are finished roasting, let them cool for about 5 minutes, then add them to the bean mixture. Toss everything together until well coated. Season with additional salt and pepper to taste before serving.